VAT Calculator: Add or Remove VAT (UK and EU Rates)
Add VAT, remove VAT, or work backward from a VAT amount — pick a country for its current standard and reduced rates.
Gross (incl. VAT)
Net
VAT (%)
General guidance only, not tax or legal advice. Check the official source or an accountant for your situation.
Official sources:
- European Commission — VAT rates applied in EU member countries
- GOV.UK — Rates of VAT on different goods and services
Rules last checked: 27 October 2026.
How it's calculated
Add VAT: gross = net × (1 + rate). Remove VAT: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate) — not a simple subtraction, since the rate applies to the net amount, not the gross. From a VAT amount: net = VAT ÷ rate, then gross = net + VAT.
Need software for invoicing and records? See DevStaq Distribution Manager.
See the AppEU VAT rates 2026
Standard and reduced VAT rates for the UK, every EU member state, Norway and Switzerland, as used by the calculator above.
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rate(s) |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | 5%, 0% |
| Austria | 20% | 13%, 10% |
| Belgium | 21% | 12%, 6% |
| Bulgaria | 20% | 9% |
| Croatia | 25% | 13%, 5% |
| Cyprus | 19% | 9%, 5% |
| Czechia | 21% | 12% |
| Denmark | 25% | — |
| Estonia | 24% | 13%, 9% |
| Finland | 25.5% | 13.5%, 10% |
| France | 20% | 10%, 5.5%, 2.1% |
| Germany | 19% | 7% |
| Greece | 24% | 13%, 6% |
| Hungary | 27% | 18%, 5% |
| Ireland | 23% | 13.5%, 9%, 4.8% |
| Italy | 22% | 10%, 5%, 4% |
| Latvia | 21% | 12%, 5% |
| Lithuania | 21% | 9%, 5% |
| Luxembourg | 17% | 14%, 8%, 3% |
| Malta | 18% | 12%, 7%, 5% |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| Poland | 23% | 8%, 5% |
| Portugal | 23% | 13%, 6% |
| Romania | 21% | 11% |
| Slovakia | 23% | 19%, 5% |
| Slovenia | 22% | 9.5%, 5% |
| Spain | 21% | 10%, 4% |
| Sweden | 25% | 12%, 6% |
| Norway | 25% | 15%, 12% |
| Switzerland | 8.1% | 3.8%, 2.6% |
How to reverse-calculate VAT
If you only know the final price a customer paid (the gross amount) and need to work out the net price and VAT portion, don't subtract the VAT percentage directly from the gross figure — that overcorrects, because the percentage applies to the net amount, not the gross one. Instead divide the gross amount by (1 + the VAT rate as a decimal): at 20% VAT, divide by 1.20; at 19%, divide by 1.19. The "Remove VAT" mode above does exactly this.
Putting VAT on an invoice
Once you know the right rate, the free invoice generator will apply it to every line item and show the VAT breakdown and total automatically — useful once you're adding VAT to real client invoices rather than just checking a single figure.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from a price?
Divide the gross (VAT-inclusive) price by 1 plus the VAT rate as a decimal — for 20% VAT, divide by 1.20, rather than subtracting 20%.
How do I add 20% VAT?
Multiply the net price by 1.20 — a $100 net price becomes $120 gross, with $20 of that being VAT.
Why isn't removing VAT the same as subtracting 20%?
Because the rate applies to the net price, not the gross one — subtracting 20% of the gross figure removes too much. $120 gross at 20% VAT has a net price of $100 (divide by 1.20), not $96 (120 minus 20%).
What is the VAT rate in Germany, France, and Ireland?
Germany's standard VAT rate is 19%, France's is 20%, and Ireland's is 23% — each also has one or more reduced rates for specific goods and services, shown in the calculator and the rates table above.
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Last updated October 27, 2026.